Bibliographies and referencing
Harvard Referencing Guide (Author-Date)
Referencing is a standardised way of acknowledging sources of information. The author-date is one style chosen from many acceptable methods. It is used to avoid plagiarism and enable the reader to identify and trace sources of information. Consistency is the important factor.
- Within an assignment: acknowledge the author, publication year and page after a direct quote or an indirect quote.
- Bibliography/List of references: at the end of an assignment, create an alphabetical list of references used.
- Book
- Article from a magazine
- Non-Book (multimedia material)
- Newspaper article
- Internet and other electronic resources
Book
Collect the following information as you research:
- Name/s of author, corporate author, or editor/s (surname, initial/s)
- Year of publication
- Title: subtitle (italicise in bibliography and if referenced in assignment)
- Edition
- Series title (if any)
- Publisher and place of publication
1. Reference within the text of an assignment
Include the author, publication date and page/s.
Example of indirect quote or paraphrasing:
In their study, Jones and Smith (2002, pp. 34-5) suggest that gold would be unsuitable.
Example of a direct quote:
Some researches suggest that "...gold would be too heavy" (Jones & Smith 2002, p. 34).
Note: when there are more than three authors, cite only the first author followed by "et al." (However, do list all authors in bibliography)
2. Bibliography/List of References
Arrange as follows:
Surname of author/editor/s, initial or corporate author (no comma) year, title, edition, series title, publisher, place of publication.
Example:
Smith, N & Moore, F 2002, Analyse and present research information, 2nd edn., Prentice Hall, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.
Note: when there is no author, editor or corporate author (such as a government department) use the title as the first element:
Concise biology dictionary 2001, Longman, Essex
Article from Magazine
Collect the following information:
- Name/s of author (surname, initial/s)
- Year of publication
- 'Title of article'
- Title of Magazine (italicise in bibliography/assignment)
- Volume and issue
- Page number
1. Reference within the text of an assignment
Example:
Below the Jindabyne Dam, the Snowy River has been transformed into "... a small, weed-infested drain" (Potter et al. 2002, p. 12)
2. Bibliography /List of References
Arrange as follows:
Author's surname, initial (no comma) year, 'Title of article', Title of Magazine, volume, issue, page number/s of article
Example:
Potter, A 2001, 'Thirsty work', Habitat Australia, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 2-4
Non-book (multimedia material)
In the Bibliography put the title and date followed by the medium, distributor, location and credits when appropriate.
1. Reference within the text of an assignment
Example:
Athletes should be wary of taking additional substances (Sport and nutrition 2000).
2. Bibliography/List of References
Example:
Sport and nutrition 2000, videorecording, Video Education Australasia, Bendigo, Vic.
Example where author is known:
Harrison, B 2003, 'Changing interfaces', Network Today, CD-ROM, vol.10, no.2, p.5
Newspaper Article
Example of Bibliography/List of References:
Anderson, F 2002, 'Super to prop up health system', The Courier-Mail, 13 December, p. 1
Internet and Other Electronic Resources
<CD-ROMs <Online databases <Internet sources
Collect as much of the following information as is supplied:
Same as for a printed resource followed by date the document was viewed and the address of the web site.
Note: For a CD-ROM no viewing date is required.
1. Reference within the text of an assignment
Same as for printed resource (author, date, page).
2. Bibliography/List of References
Arrange as follows:
Author, initial year, title, version, date viewed, full http address
Examples:
Web site (Author and date available)
Shaw, R 2001, A free and hopefully objective computer help guide, viewed 27 May 2003, <http://www.rayshaw.im.com.au/default.asp>
Web site (Author and date not available)
Computer history : history for 1980 - 1990 (n.d), viewed 15 February 2005, <http://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htm/>
Database
Pridaux, M 1999, 'Oil and whales don't mix', Habitat Australia, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 12-13, viewed 27 October 2003, retrieved from Infotrac OneFile database.
CD-ROM
La Rosa, S 1992, 'Marketing ploys', Information Today, CD-ROM, vol. 9, no, 3, pp. 58-9.
Electronic Journal Article
Ferencz, S & Goldsmith, C 1998, 'Privacy issues in a virtual learning environment', Cause and Effect, vol. 21, viewed 7 Jan. 2003, <http://www.educause/ir/learning_hubs/htm/cen9812.html>
If you require any assistance,
please contact the Library staff in the Library